Simple Model Of The Atom



Simple Model Of The Atom

  • Every atom has a central, positively charged nucleus that is very small but massive
  • The nucleus is made up of positive protons and neutral neutrons
  • Electrons revolve around the nucleus in allowed orbits
  • A vast amount of empty space within an atom

Electron

  • Mass: 9.1094 x 10-31 kg
  • Charge: -1.602 x 10-19 C

Nucleus diameter: around 10-15 m
Atomic diameter: around 10-10 m

Proton:

  • Mass: 1836 x mass of electron, 1.6726 x 10-27kg
  • Charge +1.602 x 10-19 C

Neutron:

  • Mass: 1839 x mass of electron, 1.6749 x 10-27 kg
  • Charge: Neutral

Proton number (atomic number), Z, gives the number of protons in a nucleus.

The nucleon number (mass number), A, gives the total number of nucleons(protons + neutrons) in the nucleus.
A = Z + N, where N is number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

  • Same number of electrons
  • Same chemical properties

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