Home / … / G1 Science K123 / Blood Circulation / Blood Circulation Starting Check · G1 Science Exit to Blood Circulation Blood Circulation Starting Check · G1 Science Check what you know about G1 Science Blood Circulation, study the lessons, practise what needs work, then check your progress and return for a later review.
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Which account names the four main blood components and assigns their transport, clotting and defence roles correctly?
Plasma transports dissolved food and carbon dioxide; platelets help clotting; red blood cells carry oxygen; white blood cells form antibodies, destroy bacteria and viruses, and take part in tissue rejection. All four components transport oxygen; clotting and defence are functions of the blood-vessel walls. Plasma transports dissolved food and carbon dioxide; red blood cells clot cuts; platelets carry oxygen; white blood cells provide defence and tissue rejection. White blood cells transport dissolved food and carbon dioxide; platelets clot; red blood cells carry oxygen; plasma forms antibodies and rejects tissue. Which account correctly traces blood through the heart and lungs and relates artery, vein and capillary structure to function?
Blood travels heart → lungs → body → heart without returning to the heart between lungs and body; vessel structures are unrelated to this flow. Blood travels heart → lungs → heart → body → heart. Arteries have thick elastic muscular walls, veins have thinner walls and valves, and capillaries have one-cell-thick walls for exchange. Blood follows the complete pathway; arteries contain oxygen-rich blood and veins contain oxygen-poor blood, including those linked to the lungs. Blood follows the complete pathway, but capillaries have thick multilayered walls that lengthen the exchange distance and prevent substances crossing. After gentle activity, breathing rate rises from 14 to 25 breaths/min and pulse rises from 70 to 116 beats/min. Which interpretation is justified?
The raised pulse and breathing rates establish a circulatory diagnosis without recovery measurements or other context. The rises show that active muscles need less oxygen and nutrient delivery and produce less carbon dioxide than resting muscles. The rates rise to support faster respiration in active muscles through greater gas exchange, oxygen and nutrient delivery, and carbon-dioxide removal; monitoring still needs context. Blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate are one identical measurement, so none can be used separately to monitor circulatory condition. Which explanation correctly connects arterial plaque and modifiable factors to heart attack and stroke without claiming certainty?
Plaque widens arteries and guarantees better blood flow, so it prevents both heart attack and stroke in every case. A heart attack results from blocked blood supply to the brain, while a stroke results from blocked blood supply to heart muscle. One food choice, activity session or cigarette makes the individual disease outcome certain. Plaque can narrow or block an artery; loss of blood supply to heart muscle can cause heart attack and loss to brain tissue can cause stroke, while diet, activity and smoking change risk.
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A learner compares clotting with defence. Which distinction is correct?
Platelets help clotting; white blood cells contribute to defence. Platelets form antibodies; white cells form clots. Red cells perform both jobs. Neither component has a role beyond oxygen transport. Why must oxygenated blood return to the heart after leaving the lungs?
The lungs pump it directly to the body. It must first return to the lungs again. Veins always move blood away from the heart. The heart pumps it onwards to the body. Which vein feature helps blood return without flowing backwards?
Valves that help prevent backflow. A one-cell-thick exchange wall. No valve or other backflow control. The thickest elastic muscular wall. Which statement uses a circulatory measurement responsibly?
Blood pressure is another name for pulse rate. A normal value guarantees protection despite every risk factor. Heart rate, pulse and blood pressure can inform monitoring but need context. One pulse value diagnoses every circulatory condition. After gentle activity, a learner's pulse rises. What does this measurement show?
Pulse is unrelated to the beating heart. Muscles now require less oxygen delivery. Heart beats are more frequent as transport demand increases. Blood pressure and heart rate have become the same quantity. Blood must carry both dissolved food and oxygen. Which components perform these jobs?
Plasma carries dissolved food; red blood cells carry oxygen. Red cells carry both; plasma transports nothing. Plasma carries both as its main functions. Platelets carry food; white cells carry oxygen. Which pairing correctly locates a heart attack and a stroke?
Heart attack: brain; stroke: heart muscle. Both are caused only by blocked lung airflow. Both mean an artery has widened to improve flow. Heart attack: heart-muscle supply; stroke: brain supply. Which factors named in this course can change circulatory-disease risk?
One food choice alone guarantees the outcome. Diet, physical activity and smoking. Only height, eye colour and blood group. Smoking cannot affect risk, but shoe size can. Two equal blood samples have similar plasma, platelet and white-cell contents, but sample P has far fewer red blood cells. Which transport effect is most direct?
P must clot faster because fewer red cells automatically create more platelets. P cannot defend against bacteria because red cells form all antibodies. P has less capacity to carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. P cannot transport dissolved food because only red cells carry nutrients. A patient's blood clots normally, but antibody production and destruction of invading bacteria are both impaired. Which component is most directly affected?
Plasma, because the liquid alone carries out tissue rejection and engulfs bacteria. White blood cells, because their defence roles include antibody production and destruction of pathogens. Platelets, because their only role is producing antibodies. Red blood cells, because carrying oxygen and destroying bacteria are the same process. Heart rate rises from 72 to 138 beats per minute during running, then falls toward 72 during rest. Which account fits the pattern?
Exercise raises transport demand for oxygen and carbon dioxide; recovery lowers that demand, so heart rate returns toward baseline. The rise proves the heart was diseased before exercise. Running reduces muscle respiration, so the heart speeds up to deliver less oxygen. The falling recovery rate shows blood circulation has stopped. A model route reads heart → lungs → body → heart. Which correction restores the two linked circulations?
Remove the heart entirely because lungs provide all pumping force. Use heart → body → lungs and stop, because blood need not return. Use lungs → lungs → body → body, because each organ pumps its own blood. Insert a return to the heart after the lungs: heart → lungs → heart → body → heart. A learner counts 19 pulses in 15 seconds while a monitor shows 76 heartbeats per minute. What does the comparison show?
They agree only if each heartbeat produces four separate pulses. Pulse rate measures blood pressure, so it cannot be compared with heart rate. The readings agree because 19 × 4 = 76 pulses per minute, consistent with one pulse produced by each heartbeat. They disagree because 19 pulses must equal 19 beats per minute. Blood vessel X carries blood from the heart to the lungs, while vessel Y carries blood from the lungs to the heart. How are they classified?
Both are capillaries because all vessels near gas exchange are capillaries. X is the pulmonary artery and Y the pulmonary vein because arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry it toward the heart. X is a vein and Y an artery because vessel names depend only on oxygen content. Both are arteries because both connect with the lungs. Which vessel feature is best matched to its transport condition?
Arteries have thick elastic walls for higher-pressure flow; veins use valves to limit backflow; capillaries have thin walls for exchange. Capillaries have the thickest walls so substances cannot cross them. Arteries rely on valves throughout because their walls cannot withstand pressure. Veins have no lumen because returning blood travels through the wall itself. An artery's open cross-sectional area falls from 12 mm² to 4 mm² as plaque accumulates, and downstream flow becomes restricted. Which inference is supported?
Plaque has widened the lumen because 4 is greater than 12. The data prove every narrowed artery has already caused a stroke. Plaque changes the artery into a vein without affecting flow. Plaque has narrowed the artery lumen, reducing the pathway available for blood supply to downstream tissue. A blood sample transports dissolved glucose normally but forms clots very slowly after a cut. Which component-function allocation best explains the evidence?
Red blood cells transport all dissolved glucose and white cells alone form every clot. The observations prove the blood contains neither plasma nor platelets. Plasma transport is functioning, while platelet number or action may be impaired. Platelet transport is normal, while plasma alone must form the clot.
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Which set consists of three measurements used to monitor circulation?
Body height, shoe size and blood group. Pulse rate, lung volume and food mass only. Blood pressure, body temperature and oxygen colour. Blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate. Which pairing correctly distinguishes red and white blood cells?
Red cells form antibodies; white cells carry oxygen. Both mainly form clots at damaged vessels. White cells only destroy bacteria; red cells reject tissue. Red cells transport oxygen; white cells contribute to defence. Why are capillary walls one cell thick?
They create the widest passage for rapid bulk flow. They provide a short distance for exchange with tissues. They withstand the highest pressure from the heart. They prevent backflow by acting as valves. How does a normal exercise pulse rise differ from plaque- and lifestyle-related disease risk?
Plaque widens vessels and smoking cannot change risk. Any pulse rise proves a permanent arterial blockage. Activity raises demand; plaque restricts flow; lifestyle changes risk. Both occur because active muscles need less blood and oxygen. A blood component collects oxygen at the lungs and releases it to tissues. Which is it?
Platelets. White blood cells. Plasma as the main carrier. Red blood cells. Which blood component contributes to antibody formation and destruction of pathogens?
Platelets. Red blood cells. White blood cells. Plasma. Blood has delivered oxygen to body tissues. Where does the complete route take it next?
Back to the body through the lungs' pumping action. Only into arteries that point towards the heart. Back to the heart, then towards the lungs. Directly to the lungs without the heart. A single high blood-pressure reading is recorded. Which conclusion is justified?
It is an indicator that needs context, not a diagnosis by itself. It proves a plaque blockage caused a stroke. It is simply the number of heart beats per minute. It guarantees a future heart attack. Why is plasma not accurately described as functionless water?
It carries only oxygen and no dissolved substances. It hardens to form every clot without platelets. It forms antibodies against every pathogen. It carries dissolved food and waste substances around the body. Which blood component transports dissolved digested food and carbon dioxide?
White blood cells. Plasma. Platelets. Red blood cells. Which artery feature is suited to blood leaving the heart at higher pressure?
The widest lumen and thinnest wall. Valves along its length define the vessel. A thick, elastic muscular wall. A wall one cell thick. What pattern is expected after gentle activity stops?
Heart rate should have fallen throughout the activity. Pulse falls towards its resting value during recovery. Pulse must remain permanently at its exercise value. Pulse falls because circulation has stopped. A vessel has a very narrow lumen and a wall one cell thick. Which vessel and function fit?
A vein with the thickest muscular wall. A capillary designed to have the widest lumen. A capillary suited to short-distance exchange. An artery suited only by internal valves. Why should lifestyle advice use the phrase 'changes risk' rather than 'guarantees an outcome'?
Smoking has no circulatory effect at all. A single choice determines disease with certainty. Several factors interact, so probability changes without certainty. Physical activity guarantees complete protection. Which cell fragments in blood gather at a damaged vessel and help a clot form?
Plasma. Red blood cells. White blood cells. Platelets. A small cut stops bleeding after a clot forms. Which component is most directly involved?
Plasma alone. Platelets. Red blood cells. White blood cells. A model arrow goes directly from lungs to body and omits the heart. What is missing?
Blood returns to the heart before it is pumped to the body. Nothing; the lungs are the body pump. Blood should travel from body to lungs without the heart. All vessels should point towards the heart.
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