G1 Science Formula List
A K123 integrated Science calculation reference for power, circuits, speed, acceleration, unit conversions and everyday data.
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A compact calculation reference for G1 integrated Science (K123, 2027). This course combines Physics, Chemistry and Biology through Machines Around Us, Food Matters, and Our Body and Health. Most numerical equations occur in the Machines Around Us topics.
Energy, power and electricity
Use E for energy, P for power, t for time, I for current and V for voltage.
| Relationship | Units | When to use it |
|---|---|---|
| P = E/t; E = Pt | W, J and s | Average power; with constant power, multiply by the operating time. |
| P = IV | W, A and V | Electrical power of an appliance with the stated current and voltage. |
| E_(kW h) = P_kWtₕ | kW, h and kW h | Electricity bills; convert W to kW by dividing by 1000. |
| cost = E_(kW h) × tariff | Currency; tariff in currency per kW h | Use the tariff in the question; do not assume today’s household rate. |
| I_source = I₁ + I₂ + … | A | Parallel circuit: source current is the sum of branch currents. |
| V_source = V₁ + V₂ + … | V | Series circuit: component voltages add to the source voltage. |
In a series circuit the current is the same at every point. In a parallel circuit the voltage is the same across every branch. Use the Electricity lessons to see the circuit diagrams.
Speed and acceleration
| Relationship | Symbols and units | When to use it |
|---|---|---|
| average speed = total distance/total time | m/s when distance is in m and time in s | Include stops in total time. |
| a = (v-u)/t | Initial speed u and final speed v in m/s; acceleration in m s⁻² | Motion in one direction; a decrease in speed gives a negative value with the direction of motion taken as positive. |
| speed = gradient of distance–time graph | m/s for axes in m and s | A straight segment gives constant speed; a horizontal segment means rest. |
Conversions and data handling
1 min = 60 s, 1 h = 3600 s, 1 kW = 1000 W, 1 cm = 0.01 m and 1 kW h = 3.6 × 10⁶ J.
For comparison of food labels or health data, read the stated basis first: “per 100 g” and “per serving” are different. Scale a listed quantity in proportion to the amount used. Percentage = part ÷ whole × 100%, with part and whole measured in the same units.
A quick application: an appliance
A 600 W appliance runs for 30 min. Its energy use is 0.600 kW × 0.50 h = 0.30 kW h. At 30 cents per kW h, that costs 9 cents. In joules, the same transfer is 600 × 1800 = 1.08 × 10⁶ J.
Know the course depth
G1 describes turning effects qualitatively: the moment equation is not required. Wave terms are taught, but the wave-speed equation is not a required K123 relationship. The food and body topics mainly require explanations, comparisons and interpretation of evidence rather than a larger formula bank.
For the full learning sequence and topic checks, return to the G1 Science course hub.