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A bench starts at the 0.20 m mark and ends at the 2.80 m mark of a measuring tape. A trolley is timed between two marked lines. Which record and timing method are correct?
Record 2.60 m; start a digital stopwatch as the trolley crosses the first line and stop it as the trolley crosses the second line. Record 2.80 m; start a digital stopwatch at the first line and stop it at the second line. Record 2.60 m; use the measuring tape to measure how long the trolley takes between the lines. Record 2.60 m; start and stop a digital stopwatch at convenient moments without relating them to the two lines. A foam pad is squeezed and springs back, a moving puck curves while keeping the same speed, and a door opens about its hinges. Which row identifies the three effects of force?
Temporary change of shape or size; change in direction of motion; turning effect about the hinge pivot. No deformation because the pad returns to shape; change in direction; turning effect about the hinges. Temporary deformation; no motion change because the puck's speed is unchanged; turning effect about the hinges. Temporary deformation; change in direction; turning effect about the door handle because the handle is the pivot. A runner covers 30 m in 10 s, rests for 5 s, then covers another 30 m in 5 s. Which statement is correct?
The average speed is 3.0 m/s; speed is distance travelled per unit time, while acceleration describes change in speed per unit time. The average speed is 4.0 m/s because the 5 s rest should be omitted; the definitions of speed and acceleration are otherwise correct. The average speed is 3.0 m/s, and speed and acceleration both describe only how quickly the runner is moving. The average speed is 3.0 m/s, but acceleration is the runner's final speed divided by the total time. A trolley moves along a straight line without reversing and its speed rises from 2.0 m/s to 8.0 m/s in 3.0 s. Take its direction of motion as positive. A second trolley has a horizontal section on its distance–time graph. Which interpretation of the first trolley's average acceleration and the second trolley's motion is correct?
The first trolley's average acceleration is 2.0 m/s², and the second trolley is at rest during the horizontal section. The first trolley's average acceleration is 2.7 m/s² because 8.0 is divided by 3.0, and the second trolley is at rest. The first trolley's average acceleration is 2.0 m/s², and the horizontal distance–time line shows uniform motion above zero speed. The first trolley's average acceleration is 2.0 m/s, and the second trolley is at rest. Equal pushes act on identical gates: push P acts 0.15 m from its hinges and push Q acts 0.60 m from its hinges. Which comparison is correct?
Push Q produces the greater turning effect because the same force acts farther from the hinge pivot. Both pushes produce the same turning effect because their force sizes are equal. Push P produces the greater turning effect because it acts closer to the hinges. Push Q produces no turning effect because its point of application becomes the pivot.
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A pencil begins at the 2.4 cm mark and ends at the 16.9 cm mark on a ruler. What is its length?
16.9 cm 19.3 cm 14.5 s 14.5 cm When timing a runner between two lines, when should the stopwatch be started and stopped?
Start when the runner crosses the first line and stop when the runner crosses the second line. Start before the runner is ready and stop at any convenient time. Start and stop when the distance reading changes on a ruler. Start at the second line and never stop it. A hand squeezes a sponge while the sponge's centre stays in the same place. Which effect of force is observed?
The stopwatch interval changes its shape. Its shape and size change. There is no force effect because the sponge does not travel. Only its speed changes. A child pushes a door. Which point is the pivot?
the handle the child's hand the outer edge of the door the hinges For motion along a straight line without reversing direction, which statement correctly distinguishes speed from acceleration?
Speed has unit m/s² and acceleration has unit m/s. Speed is distance per time; acceleration is change in speed per time. Both are calculated as distance divided by time. Acceleration is the final speed divided by time. A learner walks 120 m in 80 s. What is the average speed?
40 m/s 9600 m/s 1.5 m/s 0.67 m/s A bicycle moves along a straight line without reversing and speeds up from 2 m/s to 8 m/s in 3 s. What is its average acceleration, taking its direction of motion as positive?
18 m/s 2.0 m/s² 2.7 m/s² 3.3 m/s² What belongs on the horizontal axis of a distance–time graph?
distance, because it is the larger quantity speed, because gradient gives speed the path drawn by the object time, with its unit Where should you push a door with the same force to turn it most easily?
next to the hinges directly through a hinge anywhere gives the same effect near the handle, far from the hinges A bus travels 90 m in 30 s, waits for 10 s, then travels another 60 m in 20 s. What is its average speed for the complete interval?
150 m/s 2.5 m/s 3.0 m/s 5.0 m/s A distance–time curve becomes progressively steeper. How is the motion changing?
The object is at rest. Its area gives the distance travelled. The speed is increasing. The acceleration must be zero. A toy car covers 0.40 m in each of two successive 2.0 s intervals. After a forward force acts, it covers 1.20 m in the next 2.0 s. What do the measurements show?
Its speed increases from 0.20 m/s to 0.60 m/s, providing evidence that the force changed its state of motion. Its speed remains 0.20 m/s because all three intervals last 2.0 s. Its speed becomes 1.20 m/s because the final distance is itself the speed. The measurements only show deformation because a force cannot change motion.
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How should a learner view a ruler scale when reading the end of an object?
From any angle because the mark cannot appear to shift. With the ruler hidden below the bench. With the eye directly above the scale mark. From as far to the left as possible. A manually timed trolley run lasts about 0.8 s. Which method gives a more dependable value?
Change the travel distance for every repeat. Repeat the same run several times and average consistent stopwatch readings. Keep only the shortest reading because it must be exact. Replace the stopwatch with a ruler. An elastic band becomes longer while it is pulled and returns to its original length after release. What did the force do?
It only changed the band's direction of travel. It measured the band's time interval. It temporarily changed the band's shape or size. It had no effect because the change was not permanent. A moving ball keeps the same speed but curves to the left after a sideways push. Has the force changed its motion?
No, because only a speed change counts. No, because forces can only start motion. Yes, because it must permanently deform the ball. Yes. The force changed the ball's direction. A force acts directly through a pivot. What turning effect does it produce?
no turning effect the greatest possible turning effect a clockwise effect in every case an anticlockwise effect in every case A car travels in a fixed direction at a constant speed of 12 m/s. Which statement correctly describes its speed and acceleration?
Its speed is 12 m/s and its acceleration is 12 m/s² because acceleration equals speed. Its speed is zero and its acceleration is zero because zero acceleration means no motion. Its speed is 12 m/s and its acceleration is 144 m/s² because acceleration is found by squaring the speed. Its speed is 12 m/s and its acceleration is zero because neither its speed nor its direction changes. Two journeys each take 20 s. Journey P covers 80 m and journey Q covers 120 m. Which comparison is correct?
P averages 4.0 m/s and Q averages 6.0 m/s, so Q is faster. P is faster because 80 is the smaller number. Both average 10 m/s because their times are equal. Q averages 2400 m/s because distance and time are multiplied. A trolley moves along a straight line without reversing and slows from 9.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s in 3.0 s. Find its average acceleration, taking its direction of motion as positive.
+4.0 m/s² −18 m/s −2.0 m/s² +2.0 m/s² What does a horizontal section on a distance–time graph show?
The object is at rest. The object moves at a constant non-zero speed. The object accelerates uniformly. The object returns to the start. A straight distance–time line rises by 24 m in 8 s. What does it show?
A speed of 192 m/s. Uniform speed of 3.0 m/s. Uniform acceleration of 3.0 m/s². Rest for 8 s. Why can a longer spanner turn a tight nut more easily?
the force acts farther from the pivot the nut becomes lighter the pivot moves to the handle the force acts through the pivot Which change reduces a force's turning effect about the same pivot?
apply the same force closer to the pivot apply the same force farther away increase the force at the same place increase both force and distance
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