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Check what I know: Practical Requirements · G3 Physics and O-Level Physics A text-first practical-reasoning check with explicit apparatus, readings, units, variables, ray constructions and circuit connections; hands-on performance remains a supervised physical activity.
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A student wants the density of cooking oil. Which method gives a dependable result?
Zero the balance, find the mass of an empty beaker, pour in oil measured in a graduated cylinder read at eye level, find the mass of beaker and oil, then divide the oil's mass by its volume. Read the oil's volume from above the cylinder, find the mass of beaker and oil, then divide the volume by that mass. Find the mass of beaker and oil, then divide it by the oil's volume without weighing the empty beaker. Measure the depth of oil in the beaker with a ruler and multiply it by the mass of the oil. A student times a ball falling from rest through several measured heights h using light gates, and separately pulls a trolley along a friction-compensated runway with a spring balance. Which pair of conclusions is valid?
g equals twice the gradient of a graph of h against t²; a trolley moving at constant velocity has balanced forces, and a larger steady pull makes it accelerate. g equals the gradient of a graph of h against t; balanced forces mean the trolley must be at rest. g equals half the gradient of a graph of h against t²; a larger steady pull makes the trolley move at a larger constant velocity. g equals the gradient of a graph of h against t²; the trolley has balanced forces only while it is speeding up. A uniform metre rule balances on a pivot at its 50.0 cm mark with a 2.0 N weight hung at the 20.0 cm mark and an unknown weight W at the 90.0 cm mark. What is W, and how is the centre of gravity of an irregular card lamina then found?
W = 1.5 N; hang the lamina freely from two different holes, draw the vertical plumb line each time, and mark where the lines cross. W = 2.7 N; hang the lamina from two different holes and mark where the plumb lines cross. W = 0.44 N; hang the lamina from one hole and mark the middle of the plumb line. W = 1.5 N; balance the lamina flat on a fingertip and mark the middle of its longest edge. Which set of procedures is valid for three thermal practicals: comparing insulating materials, finding the specific heat capacity of an aluminium block with an electric heater, and finding the specific latent heat of fusion of ice with an electric heater?
Use equal masses of hot water at the same starting temperature in identical cans with different lagging, reading temperatures at the same times; use c = VIt ÷ (mΔθ) for the block; use L = VIt ÷ m, where m is the mass of ice melted by the heater. Start the cans at different temperatures to save time; use c = VIt ÷ (mΔθ); use L = VIt ÷ m for the ice melted. Use equal masses at the same starting temperature and read at the same times; use c = VIt × m ÷ Δθ; use L = VIt ÷ m for the ice melted. Use equal masses at the same starting temperature and read at the same times; use c = VIt ÷ (mΔθ); use L = VIt ÷ (mΔθ), using the temperature rise while the ice melts. Which method verifies the law of reflection using a plane mirror, a ray box and a protractor?
Draw the normal at the point of incidence, send rays at several angles of incidence, trace each reflected ray, and compare each angle of incidence with its angle of reflection, both measured from the normal. Measure one angle of incidence from the normal and record the angle of reflection as equal to it. Measure the angle of incidence from the normal and the angle of reflection from the mirror surface, and check that they are equal. Trace the incident ray, move the mirror to a clearer position, then trace the reflected ray and measure both angles. Which pair of methods correctly investigates refraction through a rectangular glass block and total internal reflection in a semicircular glass block?
Trace rays through the rectangular block and measure the angles of incidence and refraction from normals drawn at the surfaces; aim rays at the centre of the semicircular block's curved face and increase the angle at the flat face until the refracted ray just grazes that face, beyond which all the light reflects. Measure the angles of incidence and refraction from the block surfaces; shine light from air onto the flat face at a large angle until it is totally internally reflected. Measure the angles from the normals; the critical angle is the angle at which the ray passes straight through the flat face without bending. Trace only the ray inside the rectangular block; aim rays at the edge of the curved face so that they refract there before reaching the flat face. A student has a thin converging lens, a screen and a metre rule. Which method estimates its focal length, and what image is formed on the screen of an object placed beyond twice the focal length?
Focus a sharp image of a distant window on the screen and measure the lens-to-screen distance; the image of the nearer object is real, inverted and diminished. Focus a distant window on the screen and measure the lens-to-screen distance; the image of the nearer object is upright and magnified. Place a lamp close to the lens and measure the lamp-to-lens distance; the image is real, inverted and diminished. Focus a distant window on the screen and measure the lens-to-screen distance; the image of the nearer object is virtual, so it cannot be caught on the screen. In a ripple tank driven at 8.0 Hz, the distance from the 1st bright line to the 11th bright line on the screen below is 15.0 cm, each bright line marking one wavefront. What is the speed of the waves?
12 cm/s, because λ = 15.0 ÷ 10 = 1.5 cm and v = fλ. 11 cm/s, because λ = 15.0 ÷ 11 = 1.36 cm and v = fλ. 120 cm/s, because λ = 15.0 cm and v = fλ. 0.19 cm/s, because λ = 1.5 cm and v = λ ÷ f. To find the resistance of a circuit, a student changes the current with a rheostat and records V = 1.2 V at I = 0.40 A, V = 2.4 V at I = 0.80 A and V = 3.6 V at I = 1.20 A. Which connection and result are correct?
The voltmeter is connected in parallel across the circuit and the ammeter in series; the gradient of V against I gives R = 3.0 Ω. The voltmeter is connected in parallel and the ammeter in series; the gradient of I against V gives R = 0.33 Ω. The voltmeter is connected in series and the ammeter in parallel; the gradient of V against I gives R = 3.0 Ω. The voltmeter is connected in parallel and the ammeter in series; adding the voltages to 7.2 V and dividing by the largest current gives R = 6.0 Ω. A student places plotting compasses on a card around a vertical current-carrying wire, and then pushes a magnet into a coil connected to a centre-zero galvanometer. Which observations are expected?
The compasses line up in circles around the wire and all reverse when the current is reversed; the galvanometer deflects while the magnet moves, reads zero while it is still, and deflects the other way as it is pulled out. The compasses all point straight towards the wire; the galvanometer deflects while the magnet moves and stays deflected while it rests in the coil. The compasses line up in circles but do not change when the current is reversed; the galvanometer deflects the same way as the magnet is pushed in and pulled out. The compasses line up in circles and reverse with the current; the galvanometer deflects only when the magnet is held still inside the coil. Practise
Practise: Practical Requirements · G3 Physics and O-Level Physics A text-first practical-reasoning check with explicit apparatus, readings, units, variables, ray constructions and circuit connections; hands-on performance remains a supervised physical activity.
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A learner needs the mass of a metal block. Which instrument should be used?
An electronic balance. A spring balance, because mass and weight are identical quantities. A digital stopwatch. A measuring tape. A stone sinks in water. Its mass is 54 g and it raises a measuring-cylinder reading from 25 cm³ to 45 cm³. What is its density?
2.7 g/cm³. 0.37 g/cm³, from volume divided by mass. 1.2 g/cm³, from 54 divided by the final reading only. 0.77 g/cm³, from dividing mass by the sum of the cylinder readings. For fall from rest, the plotted graph is distance s on the vertical axis against time squared t² on the horizontal axis. The best-fit gradient is 4.9 m/s². What value of g follows from s = ½gt²?
9.8 m/s². 4.9 m/s², because the gradient equals g directly. 2.45 m/s², because the gradient must be halved again. 24.0 m/s², because the gradient must be squared. A cart of fixed mass is pulled forward along a horizontal track. The pull exceeds friction and is then increased, while friction stays approximately constant. What should be observed?
A larger forward resultant and greater forward acceleration. No change because friction always adjusts to equal any pull. Greater backward acceleration because the pull increased. The cart's mass must become smaller. A horizontal beam of negligible weight balances about a pivot. A downward 4 N force acts 30 cm to the left of the pivot. Where should a downward 6 N force act on the right?
20 cm from the pivot. 45 cm, because the larger force must be farther away. 30 cm, because balance always requires equal distances. 28 cm, from subtracting the force-number difference, 6 − 4, from 30. A plane lamina is suspended freely from two different holes. A plumb line marks a vertical line each time, and the two marked lines intersect at one point. Where is the lamina’s centre of gravity?
At the intersection of the two vertical lines. At whichever suspension hole was used first. At the lowest point of the lamina's outline in every orientation. Halfway between the holes even if the lines cross elsewhere. Identical cans contain equal volumes of water and have different wrappings, P and Q. They start at the same temperature above room temperature and cool in the same surroundings. In ten minutes, the water in P cools by 8 °C and in Q by 3 °C. Which conclusion is supported?
Under these conditions, wrapping Q reduced the average rate of thermal energy loss more than wrapping P. P is the better insulator because 8 is greater than 3. The cans cannot be compared because both temperatures changed. Q created thermal energy because its temperature fell less. A 0.50 kg metal block receives 900 J and warms by 10 °C, with negligible losses. What is its specific heat capacity?
180 J/(kg °C). 0.0056 J/(kg °C), from multiplying mass and temperature rise then dividing by energy. 90 J/(kg °C), from dividing energy by temperature rise and omitting mass. 4500 J/(kg °C), from multiplying all three values. A heater transfers 12 kJ to melt 0.040 kg of a solid at its melting point. What specific latent heat is measured?
3.0 × 10⁵ J/kg. 480 J/kg, from multiplying energy by mass. 300 J/kg, from leaving 12 kJ unconverted. 7.5 × 10⁶ J/kg, from dividing by mass twice. In a reflection investigation, an incident ray makes 35° with the normal. What reflected angle should be measured from the normal?
35°. 55°, because the angle must be measured from the mirror instead. 70°, because the incident and reflected angles must be added. 0°, because the reflected ray travels along the normal for every incidence. A sharp image from a converging lens is formed on a screen. What characteristic is established directly?
The image is real. The image is virtual because all lens images are behind the lens. The image must be the same size as the object. The lens has no focal length because the image is sharp. A ray enters a glass block from air at an angle to the normal. Which direction change is expected?
It bends toward the normal in the glass. It bends away from the normal in the glass. It always reflects back into air with no transmitted ray. It continues undeviated for every incidence angle. Which conditions are required for total internal reflection?
Light travels from higher to lower refractive index and the incidence angle exceeds the critical angle. Light travels from air into glass at any angle. The incidence angle is smaller than the critical angle. Any reflected ray automatically means total internal reflection. Rays parallel to the principal axis pass through a thin converging lens and form a sharp point on a screen. The distance along the axis from the lens to the screen is 15 cm. What does 15 cm estimate?
The focal length of the lens. The diameter of the lens. The wavelength of the light. The image height for every object. Wave crests are 0.40 m apart and pass a point at 5.0 Hz. What is the wave speed?
2.0 m/s. 12.5 m/s, from frequency divided by wavelength. 0.08 m/s, from wavelength divided by frequency. 5.4 m/s, from adding frequency and wavelength. Which multimeter symbol identifies the resistance setting?
A compass near a straight wire deflects only when current flows. What conclusion is supported?
Current in the conductor produces a magnetic field around it. The wire loses all resistance whenever current flows. The compass creates the current in an unconnected wire. Current removes Earth's magnetic field permanently. A magnet is held stationary inside a coil connected to a sensitive meter. Why is there no sustained induced reading?
The magnetic flux linkage is not changing. Induction occurs only when the coil has no wire. A stationary magnet has no magnetic field. The meter must measure temperature instead of current. Practise
Practise after feedback: Practical Requirements · G3 Physics and O-Level Physics A text-first practical-reasoning check with explicit apparatus, readings, units, variables, ray constructions and circuit connections; hands-on performance remains a supervised physical activity.
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Which instrument should measure the temperature of warm water in a laboratory activity?
A laboratory thermometer. A measuring cylinder. An electronic balance. A digital stopwatch. A liquid's mass is found by subtracting the empty container's mass from the container-plus-liquid mass. Which additional measurement is needed to determine density?
The liquid's volume. The container's outside temperature only. The liquid's weight divided by time. A second empty-container mass with no liquid measurement. A method estimates free-fall acceleration from a measured drop distance and fall time. Which change gives evidence at more than one distance without changing the falling object?
Repeat the measurement for several recorded drop distances. Use one distance but rewrite the same time several times. Change the object and distance together for every reading. Measure mass only and infer every fall time from it. A cart on a horizontal track has only two horizontal forces: a 3.0 N pull to the right and 3.0 N friction to the left. Which result should the investigation record?
The forces are balanced, so the resultant is zero and the cart has no acceleration. It must accelerate right because a pull is present. It must stop immediately even if already moving. The resultant is 6.0 N because opposite forces always add. A 12 N force acts on a lever. Its line of action is 0.25 m perpendicular from the pivot. What is the moment?
3.0 N m. 48 N m, from force divided by distance. 12.25 N m, from adding force and distance. 0 N m because every lever is already balanced. After locating a lamina's centre of gravity, which check supports the result?
Balance the lamina at that point and see whether it can remain level. Heat the lamina until its mass changes. Measure only its perimeter and ignore balance. Suspend it from the same hole repeatedly without drawing another line. Two wrapping materials are compared for reducing cooling. Which condition should be kept the same for a fair comparison?
The container, liquid volume, initial temperature and cooling time. Change both the wrapping and initial temperature. Use different liquid volumes and compare only final temperature. Remove all time measurements because cooling is independent of time. An electrical method gives a specific heat capacity larger than the accepted value because some supplied energy warmed the heater and insulation. Which improvement addresses this?
Estimate or reduce energy transferred to the apparatus and surroundings. Use a larger unmeasured temperature rise. Ignore the heater's energy because accepted values are optional. Replace the thermometer with a ruler. A pure substance is heated at constant power and its temperature remains constant while it melts. Where does the supplied energy go?
Into changing state by increasing internal potential energy rather than temperature. No energy enters because the temperature is constant. All energy increases particle kinetic energy. The substance loses mass and the missing mass is ignored. Several angle-of-incidence and angle-of-reflection pairs are measured. Which result pattern supports the law of reflection?
A best-fit relationship close to reflected angle = incident angle. One matching pair while all other readings are ignored. Reflected angle is always 90° minus incident angle. Reflected angle stays zero while incidence changes. An object is 12 cm in front of a plane mirror. Where should its image be located?
12 cm behind the mirror. At the mirror surface, 0 cm behind it. 24 cm behind the mirror. 12 cm in front of the mirror beside the object. A ray enters a rectangular glass block from air at a nonzero angle to the normal. It crosses the two opposite parallel faces and emerges into air. How is the emergent ray oriented relative to the incident ray?
It is parallel but laterally displaced. It must be perpendicular to the incident ray. It retraces the incident path for every angle. It remains inside the block because glass absorbs all light. Light travels from glass towards air. As its angle of incidence in the glass is increased, the refracted ray first runs along the boundary. What angle has been reached?
The critical angle. The angle of zero reflection. The focal angle of the glass block. An angle above 90° inside the glass. The same converging lens forms sharp images of several very distant objects. The lens-to-screen distances, measured along its principal axis, are 14.8, 15.0 and 15.1 cm. Which report is justified?
A focal-length estimate near the mean, 15.0 cm, with variation acknowledged. 14.8 cm exactly, because the smallest reading is always correct. 44.9 cm, because repeat readings should be added without averaging. No focal length can be estimated from a sharp distant-object image. Twenty complete waves pass a point in 8.0 s. What frequency should be recorded?
2.5 Hz. 160 Hz, from multiplying count by time. 0.40 Hz, from time divided by wave count. 12 Hz, from subtracting time from count. Before using the Ω setting, a learner switches off the circuit power, makes sure stored electrical energy is discharged and isolates the component. Why must an external supply not act on the meter during this resistance measurement?
The resistance function supplies its own test signal and an external supply can give an invalid reading or damage the meter. Resistance can be measured only while the component is glowing hot. Disconnecting changes resistance into voltage. The Ω setting measures the circuit's liquid volume when power is off. The current direction in a straight conductor is reversed. What should happen to its magnetic field direction?
The field direction reverses. The field direction stays fixed but its units change. The field vanishes forever after one reversal. Only the conductor's mass reverses sign. The same magnet is pushed into the same coil more quickly. What change is expected in the induced meter deflection?
A larger deflection because flux linkage changes more rapidly. A smaller deflection because fast motion prevents induction. No change because induction depends only on magnet mass. A permanent reading after motion stops. Course and syllabus information Course SEC G3 Physics Edition SEC G3 Physics 2027