What this check covers: A short sample of the General Properties of Waves syllabus. It doesn't count towards mastery. Your answers show what to practise next.
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What is a wavefront?
a line joining points at the same phase a line joining points with the same displacement, even if they move in opposite directions the path followed by one particle as the wave passes the line along which the wave energy travels In the ideal wave model, energy is transferred without net transfer of what?
wave speed matter energy frequency Which quantity is the horizontal time interval spanning one complete cycle on a displacement–time graph?
wavelength amplitude wave speed period A wave has f = 5.0 Hz and λ = 0.40 m. Find its speed.
2.0 m s⁻¹ 12.5 m s⁻¹ 0.080 m s⁻¹ 5.4 m s⁻¹ How does vibration direction compare with travel in a transverse wave?
It is parallel to the direction of wave travel. It is always in the direction of gravity. It alternates between parallel and perpendicular every half-cycle. It is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. In an ideal ripple-tank model, the water beside a dipper follows its vertical motion. Which driving motion produces a continuous wave train with amplitude 2.0 mm beside the dipper? Displacements are measured from the undisturbed water level.
Hold the dipper at a displacement of +2.0 mm. Move the dipper repeatedly between +2.0 mm and −2.0 mm. Move the dipper once between +2.0 mm and −2.0 mm, then stop. Move the dipper repeatedly between +1.0 mm and −1.0 mm. How does a tuning fork produce sound?
Its prongs move nearby air steadily away from the fork as a continuous flow. Its vibrating prongs push and pull nearby particles, creating a travelling pressure disturbance. Its prongs emit sound particles that travel to the listener. Its prongs create sound in empty space without interacting with a medium. What is a compression in a sound wave?
a region where particles are closer together and pressure is higher a region where particles are farther apart and pressure is lower a group of particles travelling together from source to listener a region where particles stop vibrating and pressure is zero For sound of a fixed frequency in the same medium, which wave quantity is associated with loudness?
wavelength alone wave speed amplitude frequency A ship's sonar sends an ultrasound pulse straight down. The echo from the seabed is received 0.80 s after the pulse is sent. Sound travels at 1500 m/s in seawater. Which statement is correct?
The seabed is 600 m deep; the pulse is ultrasound because its frequency is above the upper limit of human hearing. The seabed is 1200 m deep; the pulse is ultrasound because its frequency is above the upper limit of human hearing. The seabed is 600 m deep; the pulse is ultrasound because it travels faster than audible sound in seawater. The seabed is 1875 m deep; the pulse is ultrasound because its frequency is above the upper limit of human hearing.
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Which statement correctly gives the phase relationship of points on one wavefront?
They reach their crests at different times along the line. They are at the same stage of oscillation. They have the same displacement but may be moving in opposite directions. They are all the same distance from the edge of the tank. Distinguish particle motion from energy transfer in a spring wave.
Coils oscillate locally while energy travels along the spring. Each coil travels along the spring with the pulse and carries its energy. The coils do not move; energy passes through a stationary spring. Both the coils and the energy remain local, so nothing travels along the spring. Which explanation correctly accounts for why period cannot be read as a distance?
Period is the maximum displacement and must be read vertically. Period is a time for one cycle and must be read from a time axis. Period is the distance between adjacent crests and must be read from a distance axis. Period is a speed and therefore needs both distance and time axes. Which option gives v for f = 25 Hz and λ = 0.12 m?
25.12 m s⁻¹ 3.0 m s⁻¹ 208 m s⁻¹ 0.0048 m s⁻¹ A pulse travels to the right along a rope while a marked point on the rope moves up and down. How is the point's motion related to the pulse's travel?
The motion is perpendicular to the direction of travel. The motion is parallel to the direction of travel. The point travels to the right with the pulse. The point remains stationary as the pulse passes. A ripple-tank bar is to generate a regular wave train by completing 15 cycles in 3.0 s. Which driving instruction achieves this?
Hold the bar at a fixed height to generate five waves each second. Move the bar up and down at 5.0 cycles per second. Move the bar up and down at 45 cycles per second. Move the bar up and down at 0.20 cycles per second. Can sound travel through liquids and solids?
No. Sound can travel only through gases. Yes, because sound can cross the empty gaps without particle interactions. Only through liquids; particles in solids cannot vibrate. Yes. Their particles can pass on mechanical disturbances. In a repeating sound-wave compression diagram, which distance is one wavelength?
the width of one compression only distance travelled by one air particle during a cycle distance between the centres of adjacent compressions distance from a compression to the adjacent rarefaction Which wave quantity determines pitch?
echo time frequency amplitude wave speed What produces an echo?
absorption of sound by a soft surface steady flow of air back from the surface reflection of sound from a surface refraction of sound as it enters a surface Which statement correctly gives the measured data needed for ultrasound ranging?
pulse round-trip time and wave speed pulse frequency and amplitude only one-way time only, with no wave speed wave speed and returned amplitude only Compare an ultrasound pulse-echo sonar with an ultrasound medical scan. Which option distinguishes their purposes and states the principle used by both?
Sonar uses audible sound without reflection; medical scanning uses absorbed ultrasound. Both methods use transmitted ultrasound only; neither needs echoes. Both methods form tissue images, but sonar uses a different wave speed to create colour. Both use reflected ultrasound; sonar ranges objects in water, while scanning maps tissue boundaries.
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