H3 Physics: Special Relativity structured questions

Learning objectives

• discuss qualitatively the results of the Michelson–Morley interferometer experiment and its implications on the ether theory (knowledge of the details of the experiment is not required)
• state the postulates of the special theory of relativity, that in all inertial frames, the laws of physics are the same and the speed of light in free space is the same regardless of the motion of the light source or observer
• appreciate the failure of Galilean transformation equations when applied to a moving source of light
• discuss the concept of simultaneity
• show an understanding of the terms proper time and proper length
• apply the Lorentz transformation equations to solve one-dimensional problems
• Derive the time dilation formula and the length contraction formula, making use of the Lorentz factor.
• apply the time dilation formula and the length contraction formula in related situations (e.g. the lifetime of fast-moving muons) or to solve problems
• use the one-dimensional relativistic velocity addition formula to calculate velocities in different inertial frames or to solve problems
• Apply the relativistic energy–momentum relation E² = (pc)² + (mc²)² to solve problems, including selecting its limiting form.
• Show that E² = (pc)² + (mc²)² reduces to E = pc for massless particles and to E = mc² + ½mv² at low speeds.