Kinetic particle model of matter

States, particle explanations, temperature, internal energy and constant-temperature changes of state.

Learning goals

Compare physical properties of solids, liquids and gases
Explain state properties using particle arrangement, motion, forces and separation
Relate temperature rise to increased average kinetic energy of particles
describe internal energy as an energy store that is made up of the total kinetic energy associated with the random motion of the particles and the total potential energy between the particles in the system
describe melting/solidification and boiling/condensation as processes of energy transfer without a change in temperature

G3 Science (Physics) · Topic 7

Begin with the complete topic lesson. Then try a short check, use the feedback to review one idea and come back later for another attempt.

States, particle explanations, temperature, internal energy and constant-temperature changes of state.

Check the required topic capabilities and get focused practice for ideas that need another look.

Explain each state using particle arrangement, separation, motion and attractive forces.
Gas is readily compressed because its particles are far apart; solids and liquids contain little empty space.
Temperature is linked to average particle kinetic energy, not the total energy of the sample.
Internal energy is the total microscopic kinetic and potential energy of all the particles.
During a constant-temperature change of state, average kinetic energy stays constant while particle potential energy changes.

Kinetic particle model of matter is Topic 7 in K326 / K327 Physics component · 2027.

The lesson and questions stay at the depth required for this course.

Reviewed 9 Aug 2026

Course and syllabus information